ADJECTIVE CLAUSE / RELATIVE CLAUSE

OLEH:

INDAH RAHMAWATI

• Clause : A group of words containing a subject and a verb

• Adjective Clause : a dependent clause that modifies/describes a noun.

• Adj. Clause Pronouns : an Adj. Clause uses pronouns to connect the dependent clause to the independent clause (also called relative pronouns) ex. Who, which, whom, where, that.

	Person	Thing	Place	Time
Subject	Who/that	Which / that
Object	Who(m) /that	Which / that	where	When
Possessive	Whose	whose

Adj. Clause Pronouns Used as Subject

-         I thanked the woman (1st clause) -         She helped me (2nd clause)

I thanked the woman who helped me -         I thanked the womanà independent clause -         Who helped me à adj. clause Note: Anda tidak bisa menghilangkan subject pronoun (who/that) tapi anda bisa menghilangkan object pronoun (dibahas selanjutnya)

Adj. Clause Pronouns Used as Object

The man was Mr. Jones (1st clause) I saw him (2nd clause) The man whom I saw was Mr. Jones The man that I saw was Mr. Jones The man I saw was Mr. Jones (object pronoun bisa dihilangkan tetapi memp. arti sama)

She is the woman (1st clause) I told you about her (2nd clause) She is the woman about whom I told you (formal) She is the woman who/that I told you about (spoken) She is the woman I told you about (spoken) *) ‘about’ is preposition, in formal english, it is placed before the adj. pronoun (preposisi seperti in, about, to dalam Inggris formal diletakkan sebelum adj. pronoun)

TYPES OF ADJ. CLAUSE / RELATIVE CLAUSE

1. A "defining" or identifying clause, which tells us which person or thing we are talking about.

• The dog which bit me the other day is a Dalmatian
• My sister who lives in Malaysia called me last night

2. A "non-defining" or non-essential clause, which gives us more information about the person or thing we are talking about. This kind of clause could often be information included in brackets (...)

•  My friend John has just written a best-selling novel. (He went to the same school as me)

• My friend John, who went to the same school as me, has just written a best-selling novel

Note:
1. use commas if the adj. clause is non defining (gives additional information to the noun) à nonessential/nonidentifying

2. do not use commas if the adj. clause is defining (necessary to identify the noun)à essential/identifying

Examples:

• The professor who teaches Chemistry is my lecturer (defining)

• Professor Wilson, who teaches Chemistry, is my lecturer (non defining)
• The country which has 5 large islands is located in South East Asia (defining)
• Hawaii, which consists of 8 principal islands, is a favorite vacation spot (non defining)

1. Using WHOSE (to show possession)

- I know the man

- His bicycle was stolen à I know the man whose bicycle was stolen

2. Using WHERE

- The building is very old

- He lives there

• The building where he lives is very old
• The building in which he lives is very old (formal)
• The building which /that he lives in is very old (informal)
• The building he lives in is very old

3. Using WHEN

- I’ll never forget the day

- I met you then

• I’ll never forget the day when/that I met you

•  I’ll never forget the day on which I met you (formal)

• I’ll never forget the day I met you

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